1866 & 1870 Saxons Resources

[Duke Speedy of Leighton]

Hi chaps, as promised, all the decent Saxon resources from other discussions, under one banner.
These are everyones comments, so feel free to add, amend and claim the glory.

I have split it into three sections:
Reading matter
Order of Battle
Modelling

Books:
"A Guide to the Seven Weeks' War" by Nigel J Smith. (Helion)
"The Armies of 1866: A Guide to the Uniforms, Weapons and Organisation of the Armies of the Seven Weeks War", by N.J Smith. (Helion books).  
Both are soft back A 4 size at £9.95 pounds sterling. They cover all the states involved in the war in greater or lesser detail, including Italy, and has their OOBs as well as the detail you are looking for. it was my one stop intro to this period.    The only note of caution, look elsewhere for the information on flags. The book contains material which is conjectural and inaccurate, even on things like Prussian flags.  For the Saxons, the infantry was organised in 2 divisions, each of two brigades. Each brigade contained four battalions of line infantry (each of which had the same colour facings and cap bands. The brigades had red, yellow, white and black distinctions), and one battalion of jagers.   The sixteen line battalions had one flag each, all green, with an elaborate border, and the Saxon arms on one side and a white shield with the royal monogram on the other.  These then re-appeared as the 2nd and 3rd battalion flags used by the eight regiments of 1870-71.

For a beautiful colour illustration of a Saxon infantryman in 1866 have a look at John Mollo's Armies of the World (I think that's the title). It was published by Blandford Press back in the 60s and was an absolute must for me when I started wargaming.

The best (most detailed) 1866 Austro/Saxon OOB seen by Mollinary was published in Strategy and Tactics in 1994 to accompany their Austro-Prussian board wargame.

Prussian Offical Histories:
http://books.google.pl/books?id=g0AIAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=related:UOM39015014655776#v=onepage&q&f=false

or this, about operations in the west:
http://books.google.pl/books?id=Xz8AAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=related:UOM39015014655776#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://www.directart.co.uk/mall/more.php?ProdID=10162

is this a translation of Grosser Generastab's book, available online (but in German, which I barely understand) ?

http://books.google.pl/books?id=g0AIAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=der+feldzug+von+1866&hl=pl&ei=gD2pTZ3lOcGEOtGHucYJ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false
That is the official Prussian history and although excellent, is not definitive when it comes to Austrian units. The OOB in Strategy and Tactics if from the official Austrian history, Österreichs Kämpfe im Jahre 1866. The compiler was Mike Bennighof, an acknowledged scholar of the period. He includes short regimental details next to many of the units, how they performed in the frontier battles etc.

The information in 'The Campaign of 1866' provides sufficient information for wargame purposes, even if it is 'Prussian'. Another useful work is 'The Organisation of the German State Forces in 1866' by Stuart Sutherland. This work includes the Saxon army and also lists the regimental strengths in May and June 1866.


Websites:
http://www.grosser-generalstab.de/sturm/sturm30.html
strongly recommend Nafziger's collection
http://www.cgsc.edu/carl/nafziger.htm
Simply search for "1866" or "1870", or any battle name.

[Duke Speedy of Leighton]

more from Mollinary and Cameronian:  
Order of Battle of the Royal Saxon Army Corps 1866

The following order of battle shows the composition of the Royal Saxon Army Corps allied with and attached to the Austrian army of the North during the campaign in Bohemia in June/July 1866. The Saxons under the command of Crown Prince Albert of Saxony fought bravely and skillfully during the battles of Gitschin and Königgrätz and this order of battle reflects the situation as at the 20th of June 1866.

Corps Commander General der Infanterie Kronprinz Albert, Herzog zu Sachsen
Adjutants: Oberst Prinz Schönburg
- Rittmeister Friedrich Clemens Senfft von Pilsach
Orderly Officers Oberleutnant Ernst Otto von Berlepsch
- Oberleutnant Maximilian Heinrich Adam von Wuthenau
- Oberleutnant Hans von Schütz
Chief of Staff Generalmajor Georg Friedrich Alfred von Fabrice
Adjutant Hauptmann Ernst Bernhard Graf Vitzthum
Deputy Chief of Staff Major Bernhard Funke
Staff Officer Hauptmann Schubert
- Oberleutnant Hans Florian von Nostitz-Drzewiecki
- Guiden-Leutnant Brückner
Director of Artillery Generalmajor Ludwig Schmalz
Adjutants: Hauptmann Otto Schweingel
- Oberleutnant Friedrich Keyßelitz
Director of Engineers Oberst Friedrich Otto Peters
Intendant Oberst Eduin Freiherr von Friesen
Medical Director General-Stabsarzt Dr. August Günther
Judge Advocate Oberkriegsgerichtsrath Eugen Dietrich
Staff Judge Advocates: Stabsauditeur Victor Baumgarten-Crusius
Auditeur Meinhold
Field Provisions Officer Proviant-Verwalter Carl Fellmer
Field Telegraph Detachment: Telegraphen-Director Pörsch
- Assistent von Vitzthum
Field Gendarmerie: Rittmeister von Stammer
- Oberleutnant von Römer
Chaplains: Feldprobst: Ober-Katechet Dr. Fricke
- Vikar Hering
- Vikar Hermann
Train Oberstleutnant Edmund Schmalz
Attached K.k. Oberst  Joseph Pelikan von Plauenfeld
-- K.k. Kriegs-Commissär Wilhelm Schlosser
- -
1.Infanterie-Division
Generallieutenant Bernhard von Schimpf
Chief of Staff Major Friedrich von Zeschwitz
Adjutant Hauptmann Eduard Reyher
2.Infanterie-Brigade Oberst Hermann von Hake
2.Jäger-Bataillon Oberstlieutenant August Tauscher
5.Infanterie-Bataillon Major Moritz von Rohrscheidt
6.Infanterie-Bataillon Oberstlieutenant Carl von Metzradt
7.Infanterie-Bataillon Major Ferdinand Otto von Gablenz
8.Infanterie-Bataillon Oberstlieutenant Kurt Alexander von Elterlein
3.Infanterie-Brigade Generalmajor Georg Job von Carlowitz
3.Jäger-Bataillon Oberstlieutenant Hugo Philipp Arthur von der Mosel
9.Infanterie-Bataillon Major Bernhard von Leonhardi
10.Infanterie-Bataillon Major Heinrich von Abendroth
11.Infanterie-Bataillon Major Johann von Wolffersdorff
12.Infanterie-Bataillon Oberstlieutenant Ernst Adolph von Craushaar
Divisional Cavalry Major Ernst von Standfest
4.Escadron 2.Reiter-Regiment Rittmeister Alexander Schubuth
4.Escadron 3.Reiter-Regiment Rittmeister Rudolph von Minckwitz
Divisional Artillery Oberstlieutenant Carl Weigl
Gezogene 6pfünd. Batterie Walther Hauptmann Georg Adolph Walther
12pfünd. Granat-Kanonen-Batterie von der Pfordte Hauptmann Curt Adolph von der Pfordte
- -
2.Infanterie-Division
Generallieutenant Thuisko von Stieglitz
Chief of Staff Oberstlieutenant Alban von Montbé
Leib.Infanterie-Brigade Oberst Clemens Freiherr von Hausen
4.Jäger-Bataillon Major Julius Carl Adolph von Schulz
13.Infanterie-Bataillon Major Maximilian August von Schmieden
14.Infanterie-Bataillon Oberstlieutenant Rudolph von Bünau
15.Infanterie-Bataillon Major Friedrich Otto Hamann
16.Infanterie-Bataillon Oberstleutnant von Friesen
1.Infanterie-Brigade Oberst Emil von Boxberg
1.Jäger-Bataillon Oberstlieutenant Gustav Nehrhoff von Holderberg
1.Infanterie-Bataillon Major Johannes Freiherr von Wagner
2.Infanterie-Bataillon Major Friedrich von Sandersleben
3.Infanterie-Bataillon Major Julius Roßky
4.Infanterie-Bataillon Oberstlieutenant Carl Heinrich Freiherr von Kochtitzky
 
Reiter-Division
Generallieutenant Bernhard Albert Freiherr von Fritsch
Chief of Staff Hauptmann Adolph Leopold von Tscheresky und Bögendorf
1.Reiter-Brigade Generalmajor Prinz Georg von Sachsen
Garde-Reiter-Regiment, 1., 2., 3. Escadron Oberst Franz Graf und Edler Herr zur Lippe-Biesterfeld-Weißenfeld
1.Reiter-Regiment, 1., 2., 3. Escadron Oberst Friedrich von Beulwitz
2.Reiter-Brigade Generalmajor Moritz Freiherr von Biedermann
2.Reiter-Regiment, 1., 2., 3. Escadron Oberst Hugo Senfft von Pilsach
3.Reiter-Regiment, 1., 2., 3. Escadron Oberst Otto von Ludwiger
-
Artillerie-Reserve Oberst Bruno Köhler
1.Artillerie-Brigade Major Johann von Watzdorf
gezogene 6pfünd. Batterie Leonhardi Hauptmann Edmund Constanz Leonardi
12pfünd. Granat-Kanonen-Batterie Legnik Hauptmann Carl Emil Legnik
12pfünd. Granat-Kanonen-Batterie Westmann Hauptmann Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Westmann
2.Artillerie-Brigade Major Adolf Albrecht
gezogene 6pfünd. Batterie Heidenreich Hauptmann Bernhard August Heinrich Heidenreich
12pfünd. reitende Batterie Hoch Hauptmann Carl Julius Bernhard Hoch

Cameronian,

  Thanks for the offer, but I was offering too, not asking!   I did not find my Sutherland Saxon History, but got the following from Smith's Campaigns of 1866.
Ist Inf Division    2nd Brigade: 2 jagers 907, 5Btn 947, 6Btn 921, 7Btn 936, 8Btn 921
                      3rd Brigade:  3 jagers 910, 9Btn 935, 10Btn 949, 11Btn 879, 12 Btn 953
                      Div Arty   1x6pdr rifled battery, 1x12pdr shell battery.
                      Div cavalry 4th sqdns of 2nd and 3rd Reiters  Total 326

2nd Inf Division   4th Brigade: 4 jagers 942, 13Btn 919, 14Btn 941, 15Btn 913, 16Btn 967
                       1st Brigade: 1 jagers 884, 1Btn 957, 2Btn 920, 3Btn 931, 4Btn 930
                       Div Arty 1x6pdr rifled battery, 1x12pdr shell battery
                       Div Cavalry 4th sqdns Guard and 1st Reiters Total 339

Cavalry Division    1st Cav Bde  Guard Reiters   453 in 3 sqdns, 1st Reiters 527 in 3 sqdns
                       2nd Cav Bde 2nd Reiters      499 in 3 sqns,  4th Reiters 523 in 3 sqdns
                       Div Arty 1x12pdr Horse Bty
Corps Arty reserve        1st Brigade: 1x6pdr rifled Bty, 2x12pdr shell Bty
                                 2nd Brigade: 1x6pdr rifled bty, 1x12pdr Horse Bty
  All Batteries of 6 guns apart from 1x12pdr battery in ist Brigade Corps reserve Arty, which had 4.

Hope this helps someone.

Mollinary

Sutherland gives slightly different strengths than those from Molinary, but not enough to make any difference to a game. He does, however, quote the battery crew strengths as follows:

1st shell battery - 160  2nd shell battery - 156  3rd shell battery - 162  4th shell battery - 111
1st rifled battery - 154  2nd rifled battery - 160  3rd rifled battery - 159  4th rifled battery - 162
1st horse battery - 181  2nd horse battery - 175

[Duke Speedy of Leighton]

Modelling:

Painting:
1866:
I think some sort of cornflower blue would be appropriate. That is the description attached to a cavalry tunic on display in the Dresden army museum when I visited a few years ago.  It was dark enough for Austrians at Konigratz to mistake approaching Prussians (I assume in feldmutzen?) for Saxons, so I think sky blue doesn't exactly cover it. I think I went for a Vallejo mid blue. But looking at the colours currently on my bench I think Foundry's Bavarian Cornflower blue, 73 b, would provide a good base, highlighted to personal taste.

http://i1220.photobucket.com/albums/dd448/Hertsblue/1866%20-%20So%20far/SaxonInfantry3.jpg

Truth to tell there probably wasn't one set shade, QA in 1866 wouldn't have been that good and the pre-anilene dyes were notorious for fading. Knotel has the Saxons in pale blue but I've seen contemporary illustrations much darker (? Ottenfeld).
The Bavarians ordered new uniforms for the victory parade through Munich in 1871 but were horrified to discover on unpacking that they were a fetching shade of lilac/purple; red faces all round.

Artillery pieces are grey. Remember Saxon gunners wore green tunics not pale blue and no, I don't know the exact shade  
http://1815-1918.blogspot.com/2010/05/saxon-infantry-and-artillery-1866.html




Standards:
Mollinary - you said in another thread...
"If you haven't finished the 1866 Saxons yet, I thoroughly recommend the flags produced by Baccus 6mm. I have used them for my 1870 Saxons, and they work very well for 10mm.   One sheet covers the whole army! I don't know of anyone else who makes accurate Saxon flags for this period at present." (In the end we found they were c.9mm square)
 
There is a great resource, and it was buying material from this particular site which got me all you could ever want to know about Saxon flags (and Prussian ones too).  Luckily, I think you can get what you want simply from looking on line. The site is German, if you follow these instructions you should get what you want.  The site is www.historischer-bilderdienst.de.     Click on the link marked Fahnen, Flaggen und Standarten.   Then you want to click on SF03 Hottenroth.  Sachsische Fahnen und Standarten.  Once in there, go to the bottom and click on
Leuchttisch.  A table of illustrations of Saxon flags should appear.  The last flag on Row 3 and the 5 flags on Row 4 , all with a green field, are the design you are looking for for 1866.  Incredibly, if you then click on the flag itself, you get a good enlargement.   I hope this should give you a good idea for painting a 10 mm scale flag. If you want to know the brigade differences, they are simple. In the four corners of the green field, on both sides, is either a Roman numeral I, II, or III in yellow, or a crown. I'll leave you to work out which brigade is which!  If you need any more details, drop me an e-mail and I'll see what I can do.

Mollinary

All 16 battalions in 1866 carried green flags.  The history of Saxon flags is complicated, and a number of wargame sources have got confused over the years, particularly with the Leibgrenadiergarde flag of 1815 ( the one  I think you've reproduced).  If you'll forgive the digression, the story goes something like this.  In 1815 the Saxons incorporated into the Prussian army mutinied, and the Prussians destroyed the Leibgrenadiergarde's flag as part of the punishment.  A new one was immediately made, a white Leibfahne of broadly traditional pattern.   In 1822, the Saxon army was re-organised, into a "Garde Division" and 4 regiments each of 3 battalions.  The Garde Division carried the 1815 LGG flag. The other regiments all got new flags, all the same , all green.  In the corners were the regimental numbers in Roman numerals for Regiments I, II and III, and a gold crown for the Leib Regiment.  In 1848 the "Garde Division" was disbanded, and the 1815 flag returned to the Arsenal for storage.  Later the four other regiments were re-organised as "Brigades" each of four independent battalions.  The existing flags and battalions became the first three battalions of the brigades, and each brigade raised a new fourth battalion. These battalions, numbers 4,8,12, 16 all received new flags of the 1822 green pattern, but with the initials "JR" in the shield.  The devices in the corner now represented the first, second, third, and Leib Brigades  - no guards.  When the army was reorganised on Prussian lines after 1866, it had eight three battalion regiments, so 24 battalions in all.  Flags were moved about so although the third battalions of all the regiments were newly raised, they got old green flags.  The first battalions got white Leibfahnen. The first two regiments were designated Grenadiers, and the first received the old 1815 LGG flag from the Arsenal, while all the other received newly designed white flags. So, in sum, in 1866 the army had 16 green flags, in 1870 it had 8 white and sixteen green flags.

[Duke Speedy of Leighton]

Horse Artillery:
Next question: Horse artillery from 'The Armies of 1866, A Guide To the Weapons and Organisation of the Armies of the Seven Weeks' War' by Picklehaube Press notes the horse artillery wore 'the Horse Batteries had a black crested helmet with a raupe rather like that worn by the Bavarian Checaulegers.'
Would 1860's Bavarian BA10 Krupp C64 4pdr RBL, horse artillery crew do? Looking at a certain other manufacteurerers site (*QRF/Friekorp 15*) they look pretty close...
Thoughts?

Yes, that is exactly what I did when I put together my Saxons.  As you probably already know, the horse artillery were armed with smooth bore 12 pdrs not rifled guns, so you will need to ask Leon to put in the guns from BA 12. These are not as a lot of folk-lore has it, old heavy Napoleonic guns, but new (late 1850s) short barrelled, light, shell guns.  Think the equivalent of the ACW Napoleons.  Their real problem was short range, and the Prussians in particular never really got to grips with how to use them without getting blasted by longer range rifled guns.  The guns in BA 12 are lovely little models, and a couple of actual examples are still on display in the Bavarian Army museum in Ingolstadt.
http://www.pendrakenforum.co.uk/index.php/topic,4963.0.html

[Ben Waterhouse]

Gentlemen all, ay thenk you!

[Hertsblue]

Lot of hard work there, Lemmey. Well done and thanks. 

[Duke Speedy of Leighton]

I just compiled. The genius were the contributors!